For somebody so concerned about China, how can you be so naive about the consequences of isolating America on the global stage? Actively destroying our alliances is an unforced error. How do you see our military working without the global logistical networks required to project US power?
It's so baffling to see you on this site consistently implying that Italians, Germans, or $WHOEVER are somehow worse Americans. Because if that were true, then you'd also have to acknowledge that you and I are worse Americans, which I don't think you believe.
And in general, your obsession with of the British is strange to me, because as you note, most Americans are not British and it's been that way for most of American history. Of course, there have been many great British Americans. But if we're weirdly keeping score, it's seems obvious that there would be a larger number of great Americans who weren't British?
For immigration policy, the issue is the aggregate cultural, political, and social impact of large groups of immigrants. It has nothing to do with individuals.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa, reflects the impact of mass German immigration. Little Bangladesh in Queens reflects the impact of mass immigration from my country, Bangladesh. Would I rather live in a country where the government, institutions, etc., were like Little Bangladesh, or like Cedar Rapids? That’s not even a serious question. My fear about immigration is that, over time, the country will become more like Little Bangladesh and less like Cedar Rapids.
Most Americans aren’t British, but most Americans do carry on British culture and norms to varying degrees. If American soil really was magic, and you could take 100,000 Bangladeshis and they’d become cultural New England Puritans instantly, I’d be in favor of open borders.
Yet another incoherent policy for this administration that will be interesting to see people defend. Why does Maduro get invaded and captured but convicted drug smuggler (and ex Honduran president) Juan Orlando Hernandez get pardoned?
It's interesting that you're anti-economic sanctions but pro-tariffs. This administration talking points specifically justify tariffs as punishments for countries' behaviors.
Anyway be clear, I'm talking about this administration. Specifically their choice to invade Venezuela and capture their head of state, while simultaneously pardoning the ex-Honduran head of state who was convicted for the exact same thing. When I say inconsistent, I mean: they are saying (vocally and militarily) that they are anti-drug cartel, but also they are apparently pro-some-cartels? It makes no sense to me.
> It's interesting that you're anti-economic sanctions but pro-tariffs. This administration talking points specifically justify tariffs as punishments for countries' behaviors.
I agree that tariffs and economic sanctions are similar. But tariffs are in theory targeted at economic conduct that affects us. While sanctions are used to police the moral behavior of other countries, which I don’t support.
I've seen the Microsoft Aurora team make a compelling argument that weather is an interesting contradiction of the AI-energy-waste narrative. Once deployed at scale, inference with these models is actually a sizable energy/compute improvement over classical simulation and forecasting methods. Of course it is energy intensive to train the model, but the usage itself is more energy efficient.
There's also the efficiency argument from new capability: even a tiny bit better weather forecast is highly economically valuable (and saves a lot of wasted energy) if it means that 1 city doesn't have to evacuate because of an erroneous hurricane forecast, say. But how much would it cost to do that with the rivals? I don't know but I would guess quite a lot.
And one of the biggest ironies of AI scaling is that where scaling succeeds the most in improving efficiency, we realize it the least, because we don't even think of it as an option. An example: a Transformer (or RNN) is not the only way to predict text. We have scaling laws for n-grams and text perplexity (most famously, from Jeff Dean et al at Google back in the 2000s), so you can actually ask the question, 'how much would I have to scale up n-grams to achieve the necessary perplexity for a useful code writer competitive with Claude Code, say?' This is a perfectly reasonable, well-defined question, as high-order n-grams could in theory write code without enough data and big enough lookup tables, and so it can be answered. The answer will look something like 'if we turned the whole earth into computronium, it still wouldn't be remotely enough'. The efficiency ratio is not 10:1 or 100:1 but closer to ∞:1. The efficiency gain is so big no one even thinks of it as an efficiency gain, because you just couldn't do it before using AI! You would have humans do it, or not do it at all.
> even a tiny bit better weather forecast is highly economically valuable (and saves a lot of wasted energy) if it means that 1 city doesn't have to evacuate because of an erroneous hurricane forecast
Here is the NOAA on the improvements:
> 8% better predictions for track, and 10% better predictions for intensity, especially at longer forecast lead times — with overall improvements of four to five days.(1)
I’d love someone to explain what these measurements mean though. Does better track mean 8% narrower angle? Something else? Compared to what baseline?
And am I reading this right that that improvement is measured at the point 4-5 days out from landfall? What’s the typical lead time for calling an evacuation, more or less than four days?
To have a competitive code writer with ngrams you need more than to "scale up the ngrams" you need to have a corpus that includes all possible codes that someone would want to write. And at that point you'd be better off with a lossless full text index like an r-index. But, the lack of any generalizability in this approach, coupled with its markovian features, will make this kind of model extremely brittle. Although, it would be efficient. You just need to somehow compute all possible language before hand. tldr; language models really are reasoning and generalizing over the domain they're trained on.
Obviously much simpler Neural Nets, but we did have some models in my domain whose role was to speed up design evaluation.
Eg you want to find a really good design. Designs are fairly easy to generate, but expensive to evaluate and score. Understand we can quickly generate millions of designs but evaluating one can take 100ms-1s. With simulations that are not easy to GPU parallelize. We ended up training models that try to predict said score. They don’t predict things perfectly, but you can be 99% sure that the actual score designs is within a certain distance of said score.
So if normally you want to get the 10 best design out of your 1 million, we can now first have the model predict the best 1000 and you can be reasonably certain your top 10 is a subset of these 1000. So you only need to run your simulation on these 1000.
Sam Altman has made a lot of grandiose claims about how much power he's going to need to scale LLMs, but the evidence seems to suggest the amount of power required to train and operate LLMs is a lot more modest than he would have you believe. (DeepSeek reportedly being trained for just $5M, for example.)
I saw a claim that DeepSeek had piggybacked off of some aspect of training that ChatGPT had done, and so that cost needed to be included when evaluating DeepSeek.
This training part of LLMs is still mostly Greek to me, so if anyone could explain that claim as true or false and the reasons why, I’d appreciate it
I think the claim that DeepSeek was trained for $5M is a little questionable. But OpenAI is trying to raise $100B which is 20,000 times as much as $5M. Though even at $1B I think it's probably not that big a deal for Google or OpenAI. My feeling is they can profit on the prices they are charging for their LLM APIs, and that the dominant compute cost is inference, not training. Though obviously that's only true if you're selling billions of dollars worth of API calls like Google and OpenAI.
OpenAI has had $20B in revenue this year, and it seems likely to me they have spent considerably less than that on compute for training GPT5. Probably not $5M, but quite possibly under $1B.
So LLMs predict the next token. Basically, you train them by taking your training data that's N words long and, for X = 1 to N, and optimizing it to predict token X using tokens 1 to X-1.
There's no reason you couldn't generate training data for a model by getting output from another model. You could even get the probability distribution of output tokens from the source model and train the target model to repeat that probability distribution, instead of a single word. That'd be faster, because instead of it learning to say "Hello!" and "Hi!" from two different examples, one where it says hello and one where it says hi, you'd learn to say both from one example that has a probability distribution of 50% for each output.
Sometimes DeepSeek said it's name is ChatGPT. This could be because they used Q&A pairs from ChatGPT for training or because they scraped conversations other people posted where they were talking to ChatGPT. Or for unknown reasons where the model just decided to respond that way, like mixing up some semantics of wanting to say "I'm an AI" and all the scraped data referring to AI as ChatGPT.
Short of admission or leaks of DeepSeek training data it's hard to tell. Conversely, DeepSeek really went hard into an architecture that is cheap to train, using a lot of weird techniques to optimize their training process for their hardware.
Personally, I think they did. Research shows that a model can be greatly improved with a relatively-small set of high quality Q&A pairs. But I'm not sure the cost evaluation should be influenced that much, because the ChatGPT training price was only paid once, it doesn't have to be repaid for every new model that cribs its answers.
If its more energy efficient it is doing something different there is no guarantee that its more accurate long term. Weather is horrible difficult to predict and we are only just alright at it. If LLM are guessing at the same rate we are calculating but I am doubtful
Well that was a failed response opps. I am just cautious because while transformers get the random guessing right you can get the right answer statistically but fail on accuracy improvement long term. Clearly this model does better than the current model but extending it to be even better seems basically intractable besides throw more data at it but what if it derived the wrong model you simply cannot actually know
"Area for future improvement: developers continue to improve the ensemble’s ability to create a range of forecast outcomes."
Someone else noted the models are fairly simple.
My question is "what happens if you scale up to attain the same levels of accuracy throughout? Will it still be as efficient?"
My reading is that these models work well in other regions but I reserve a certain skepticism because I think it's healthy in science, and also because I think those ultimately in charge have yet to prove reliable judges of anything scientific.
> My question is "what happens if you scale up to attain the same levels of accuracy throughout? Will it still be as efficient?"
I've done some work in this area, and the answer is probably 'more efficient, but not quite as spectacularly efficient.'
In a crude, back-of-the-envelope sense, AI-NWP models run about three orders of magnitude faster than notionally equivalent physics based NWP models. Those three orders of magnitude divide approximately evenly between three factors:
1. AI-NWP models produce much sparser outputs compared to physics-based models. That means fewer variables and levels, but also coarser timesteps. If a model needs to run 10x as often to produce an output every 30m rather than every 6h, that's an order of magnitude right there.
2. AI-NWP models are "GPU native," while physics-based models emphatically aren't. Hypothetically running physics-based models on GPUs would gain most of an order of magnitude back.
3. AI-NWP models have fantastic levels of numerical intensity compared to physics-based NWP models since the former are "matrix-matrix multiplications all the way down." Traditional NWP models perform relatively little work per grid point in comparison, which puts them on the wrong (badly memory-bandwidth limited) side of the roofline plots.
I'd expect a full-throated AI-NWP model to give up most of the gains from #1 (to have dense outputs), and dedicated work on physics-based NWP might close the gap on #2. However, that last point seems much more durable to me.
> "it's more efficient if you ignore the part where it's not"
Even when you include training, the payoff period is not that long. Operational NWP is enormously expensive because high-resolution models run under soft real-time deadlines; having today's forecast tomorrow won't do you any good.
The bigger problem is that traditional models have decades of legacy behind them, and getting them to work on GPUs is nontrivial. That means that in a real way, AI model training and inference comes at the expense of traditional-NWP systems, and weather centres globally are having to strike new balances without a lot of certainty.
It's more efficient anyway because the inference is what everyone will use for forecasting. Researchers will be using huge amounts of compute to develop better models, but that's also currently the case, and it isn't the majority of weather simulation use.
There's an interesting parallel to Formula One, where there are limits on the computational resources teams can use to design their cars, and where they can use an aerodynamic model that was previously trained to get pretty good outcomes with less compute use in the actual design phase.
I suggest reading up on fixed costs vs variable costs and why it is generally preferable to push costs to fixed.
Assuming you’re not throwing the whole thing out after one forecast, it is probably better to reduce runtime energy usage even if it means using more for one-time training.
I mean that’s cute, but surely you can add up the two parts (single training plus globally distributed inference) and understand that the net efficiency would be an improvement?
Read-after-write consistency : yes (after PutObject has finished, the object will be immediately visible in all subsequent requests, including GetObject and ListObjects)
Conditionnal writes : no, we can't do it with CRDTs, which are the core of Garage's design.
Does RAMP or CURE offer any possibility of conditional writes with CRDTs?
I have had these papers on my list to read for months, specifically wondering if it could be applied to Garage
I had a very rapid look at these two papers, it looks like none of them allow the implementation of compare-and-swap, which is required for if-match / if-none-match support. They have a weaker definition of a "transaction". Which is to be expected as they only implement causal consistency at best and not consensus, whereas consensus is required for compare-and-swap.
I am still baffled, because wasn't there a bipartisan law passed banning TikTok? Is that just being ignored while a deal is orchestrated to sell it to Larry Ellison (and install Barron Trump on the TikTok Board of Directors)? The enforcement of the law is confusing to me here.
You're not wrong. It was very clearly illegal for TikTok to maintain operations in the US since the law started applying, and yet the US government ordered everyone to disregard the law and they just went along with it.
This is another sign of the US' decline. The refusal to follow inconvenient laws.
Technically, the law did allow the president to approve a one-time extension if there was a deal under negotiation. But every subsequent extension (I think we’re on number 3 or 4 now) had no legal basis in the text of the legislation and both Apple and Google are clearly in violation of the law for not banning it from their app stores after the 1st extension
This is a bug in the system that should be corrected. The fourteenth amendment guarantees everyone equal protection under the law.
Allowing the executive branch sway over the enforcement of laws that they're ostensibly beholden to prevents enforcement at all, which robs the citizens of the United States of the protection they've been afforded.
Your president can disregard laws to favour outcomes he prefers. How do you not see that if the president can willfully ignore laws, you have no justice at all anymore?
Even this is too charitable. A short timeline of January 2025 would be something like this:
- Jan 16: The Supreme Court issues its opinion, upholding the legality of the TikTok ban. The Biden administration declines to enforce it, preferring to let the incoming Trump administration handle the matter.
- Jan 18: TikTok voluntarily turns off its services. Google and Apple remove the app from their respective app stores. Trump declares on social media that he will sign an executive order "to extend the period of time before the law’s prohibitions take effect".
- Jan 19: TikTok restores it service after being assured by the incoming Trump administration that TikTok would not face penalties.
- Jan 20: The Trump administration signs the aforementioned executive order.
However, Trump's executive order was untimely (the law already should have gone into effect), and at any rate it's dubious that the executive order would've been legal regardless. The TikTok ban (PAFACA) had a specific provision for when an extension could be granted. From Wikipedia:
> The president may grant a one-time extension of the divestiture deadline by as long as 90 days if a path to a qualified divestiture has been identified, "significant" progress has been made to executing the divestiture, and legally binding agreements for facilitating the divestiture are in place.
Notably, none of these requirements had been met. There were no identified buyers; there were no binding agreements. The Trump administration's refusal to enforce the TikTok ban might have been the first lawless act of the second administration, and it happened only within hours of Trump being sworn in.
> Is that just being ignored while a deal is orchestrated
Yes. There is a series of executive orders (eg [1]) that literally say "To permit the contemplated divestiture to be completed, the Attorney General shall not take any action on behalf of the United States to enforce the Act ...". The "PROTECTING AMERICANS FROM FOREIGN ADVERSARY CONTROLLED APPLICATIONS ACT" only allows the US AG to sue for enforcement, so this essentially is completely waiving enforcement.
This is why congress often gives independent agencies or private actors the right to sue in an act - because the DOJ cannot be trusted to fairly enforce laws if there is even the slightest political or economic valence to them.
what about ..the slightest political or economic valence to..
um..
the Attorney General?
or even worse..
what about ..the slightest political or economic valence.. to ..independent agencies or private actors.
That's, like, explicit corruption isn't it? We'll give this private actor or independent entity the exclusive right to be the defacto enforcer for whatever laws. (Laws they themselves probably asked, sorry "lobbied", for?)
If you can trust some ..independent.. entity, I'm sorry, that means you can make the cops independent in the same way and trust them to enforce that law. If it's impossible that the cops can be set up to be independent in a way that prevents corruption, then how is the ..independent.. entity set up that it prevents corruption?
I hadn't realized that was going on. That's insanity. Wow we're corrupt.
Quoting TFA: "It’s worth noting that none of this was really legal; the law technically stated that TikTok shouldn’t have been allowed to exist for much of this year. Everyone just looked the other way while Trump and his cronies repeatedly ignored deadlines and hammered away at the transfer."
They I understand it: There was a deal to ban TikTok unless ownership changes --- the original intention was no Chinese involvement, but now it seems "ownership change" means the ownership is amicable to the current president. There was also something of a grace period for when that ban went into effect if TikTok could show they were actively in the process of finding a new owner. The current president basically just kept insisting that grace period was in effect while he constructed a bid for ownership that aligned with his and his friends (business) interests.
Basically, Congress did not do its job and ignored the very law they voted for.
That's the (obvious, I guess) comparison I was thinking of too, but IIRC correctly the issues there were 1) allegations of bribes (which ended up being false/that witness arrested by the FBI for lying about it) and 2) Biden improperly leveraging the State Dept (which was also found to be untrue by two different Republican Senate investigations).
Now if the issue was Hunter Biden being on the board at all -- even if independent of any Joe Biden dealmaking -- then I'm very curious how the Republicans sounding alarms back then react to the Barron Trump TikTok board seat now.
did I miss the news that the US government forced a deal that transferred partial ownership of a foreign company to Burisma, and put Hunter on the board?
Thanks for pointing out the irony that these folks refuse to engage with: that they (we) are all here as the result of immigration. It's about as plainly hypocritical that they get. Their immigrants were fine, of course..
I wish the folks who are trying to cut off all immigration (and open channels to de-naturalize American citizens) could appreciate this more. Because it exposes their thesis at its core: some Americans are better than others, and these people know which are which. Where do I as an American fall into these categories of theirs?
Of course some immigrants are more American than other immigrants! You can tell who those are by whose ancient legal documents are incorporated into the U.S. constitution and laws and whose aren't.
If you think those principles have worked pretty well, then the question is how to maintain the culture that produced this successful society. This is something Silicon Valley folks should easily understand! You guys screen people endlessly for "fit." Would you want a large number of folks who grew up in IBM's corporate culture to come work at your startup?
Were my ancient legal texts incorporated? Were yours? If you are born here, what does it matter?
But more importantly, I said Americans. Are some Americans more American to you?
America is not a startup. It is not even a company. It’s a country who was built inherently by immigration. And it was wrong to single out the Irish and Italians, and it’s wrong to single out the ___ now.
> Were my ancient legal texts incorporated? Were yours?
If you are British American, then yes. Otherwise, no.
> If you are born here, what does it matter?
Empirically, yes it does! https://www.rorotoko.com/11/20230913-jones-garett-on-book-cu... (“The Culture Transplant debunks the view that immigrants fully assimilate in a generation or two. This is something my fellow economists know—we have vast empirical literatures showing that, for instance, you can partly predict people’s savings behavior just by knowing which country their parents or grandparents came from.”).
You can look at the data and see that about 50% of the difference in levels of social trust between people in Italy and Scandinavia are reflected in the descendants of immigrants from those countries to the U.S., even after generations. You can then use your eyes to look at Minnesota versus New Jersey and see more social trust and less corruption in the former than the latter. You can even tie cultural background back to concrete social indicators! Parts of the midwest settled by Dutch settlers perform better on versus metrics than parts settled by Germans. Parts of the country settled by Puritans outperform nearly everywhere else in terms of good governance and low corruption.
> America is not a startup. It is not even a company.
Culture matters even more in a country than a startup! Startups hire high-IQ people that focus on discrete problems that are amenable to scientific analysis. Voters in democracies must confront a wide range of issues that are not amenable to scientific analysis, and consist of average people who are not capable of such analysis anyway. That means the person’s gut reactions, arising from their culture and socialization, matters even more. For example, most people simply can’t understand numbers on the scale of the federal debt, but cultures differ significantly in their attitudes towards debt and savings. It’s imperative to have a body politic that has pro-adaptive cultural attitudes.
>,It’s a country who was built inherently by immigration.
That’s like saying the country was built by people who drink water. Immigrants from where? The country that exists reflects that it was built by British settlers, with greenfield development by Germans and Scandinavians in the Midwest. If the country had been built by my ancestors in Bangladesh, I assure you, it would look very different than it does today.
> You can look at the data and see that about 50% of the difference in levels of social trust between people in Italy and Scandinavia [...] You can then use your eyes to look at Minnesota versus New Jersey and see more social trust and less corruption in the former than the latter. You can even tie cultural background back to concrete social indicators!
For months on here you have defended and cheer-led the most nakedly corrupt administration in our lifetimes. (Let's skip the part where we have to talk specific examples of his corruption - you know it, and I know it.) And now you are spouting ignorant anti-Italian stereotypes and acting like you care about corruption. Your inconsistency of values is utterly unpersuasive so far.
> The country that exists reflects that it was built by British settlers, with greenfield development by Germans and Scandinavians in the Midwest.
That does not include me, so if I were an immigrant today you would not let me in. If you were an immigrant today, would you let yourself in?
Surely you see the hypocrisy in that, especially if you consider yourself a valuable member of society. Maybe, just maybe, it's possible to be a great American if you're not British, German, or Scandinavian. And that's been true for millions and millions of non-British/German/Scandinavians through all of American history.
> For months on here you have defended and cheer-led the most nakedly corrupt administration in our lifetimes.
The fact that I think Trump is the lesser of two evils doesn't change the fact that New Jersey has higher corruption levels than Minnesota. Is it really your contention that communities settled by Italian immigrants are as well governed as those that were settled by Scandinavian immigrants?
Ironically, Trump himself reflects the third-worldization of the American body politic. Our first-past-the-post system guarantees two parties, but cultural change alters what platforms can win a majority. Immigration has killed small-government conservatism--a concept that exists almost nowhere outside the Anglosphere--but a third-world strongman populist can still win the popular vote: https://data.blueroseresearch.org/hubfs/2024%20Blue%20Rose%2... ("Our best estimate is that immigrant voters swung from a Biden+27 voting bloc in 2020 to a Trump+1 group in 2024."). Little Bangladesh swung a net 50+ points to Trump in 2024.
> That does not include me, so if I were an immigrant today you would not let me in. If you were an immigrant today, would you let yourself in?
I made an argument based on evidence, so why are you responding with personal feelings? Whether any particular immigration policy would have allowed me or you to immigrate is totally irrelevant. Immigration is about the mass movement of people, who bring their culture with them and reshape the parts of America where they move. It's stupid to talk about it in terms of individuals.
I guess I just fundamentally disagree that Trump’s the lesser of two evils, if you truly care about American values and culture. How could you want our children behaving like the example he sets? Can you justify his Rob Reiner tweet (for an immediately recent example) to me in a way that persuades me it’s how Americans should behave culturally?
I would love for you to answer the question about whether you’d let us in today, but I suspect you won’t because you’d have to also admit that your stance is hypocritical.
People get their culture from how their families raise them, not how the President behaves. I don’t think one guy acting corruptly makes regularly people act corruptly. My dad didn’t leave Bangladesh because the President was corrupt. He left because everyone from the president on down was socialized into a culture that breeds corruption.
So I think mass immigration is a much bigger risk. Look at the history of Chicago, and the immigration-fueled political machines that gave rise to dysfunctional and corrupt government that persists to this day. Why are American cities so dysfunctional in their governance compared to western european ones? This is not some inevitable consequence of cities. In the south it’s because southern culture is just tolerant of corruption, often tracing back to power structures that arose during the era of slavery and segregation. But in the north it’s mostly the lasting effects of mass immigration of impoverished groups with strong cultural identities. We are seeing the same problem take root in Minneapolis—which until now has been one of the few well-governed cities in the north—in real time.
As to your question about whether I should have been allowed in—I’ll humor you. My dad should have been allowed in, who is a cultural outlier among Bangladeshis. He proudly tells this story about a birthday lunch in Dhaka in the 1970s, where he and a Danish expatriate were the only ones to show up on time. The Danish guy remarked that my dad must find it difficult to get along in a country where people have such a relaxed view of time. My dad loves this story, and that’s why he self-exiled himself from his homeland.
But your argument is illogical. Immigration policy doesn’t screen individuals for fit. It’s a system of mass migration. And when you’re talking about millions of Bangladeshis, not just one, you have to take culture into account. I am acquainted with a bunch of folks from Massachusetts, who grew up among descendants of Puritan settlers. They were socialized with ideas like “food is for fuel, not enjoyment” and a visceral aversion to wealth signaling. They have such an aversion to waste they cut their donuts in half and consider it a good thing if they run out of food at a picnic. They’re exceptionally orderly and temperate people, very much unlike my extended Bangladeshi family. I think America would be much better governed if more of the population was like them rather than like me and my extended family.
Everybody grew up among, and got their culture from, lots of different kinds of people. You are right about the culture of Massachusetts, where I live. It’s a special place, but it’s a counterexample to your point. MA has one of the highest rates of foreign-born population in the country, and it has been that way for a long time. When I was growing up, there was a big influx of people from China. Today it’s India. A couple of generations ago, Italy/Ireland/Poland. “Eat to live, don’t live to eat” my mother told me, but her mom was born in Germany and her dad was Irish. Massachusetts — by the way also consistently one of the most Catholic states — shows you can have the Puritan culture without the Puritans.
> I don’t think one guy acting corruptly makes regularly people act corruptly.
Calling the President of the United States “one guy” I think is a bit reductive. He has spent a decade traveling the nation, rallying, and propagandizing. Surely that has impacted American culture? And we (I think) agree that the way he talks and behaves is not what we want our children to model. To me, I’d be much more averse to them acting like that than I’d be worried about them acting like random New Jerseyans.
I also think the president and his administration corrupting the government absolutely will impact regular people’s behavior and I’m surprised to hear you claim otherwise. In the same message that you are concerned with cities being corrupt as a bad thing, you are accepting and endorsing Trump doing that at a much larger and impactful federal level. Corruption is bad and we should want less of it - I don’t see how that happens under Trump.
Just a heads up that I’ll be heading out for a while so I think we have to agree to disagree at this point. Feel free to take the last word.
/5 * * * [ -f /var/run/keepalive ] && [ $(( $(date +\%s) - $(stat -c \%Y /var/run/keepalive) )) -gt 7200 ] && shutdown -h now
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