The transmission of a traditional ICE vehicle is a component commonly prone to failure due to reliance on clutches, friction couplings, gear engagements, etc.
Hybrids replace this transmission with one composed of two electric motors and planetary gear sets. One or both of the motors also act as generators. It’s complex, but the highly variable speed of the output shaft is managed almost purely by torque splitting of the planetary gear sets along with routing of electrical energy within the system— no clutches or gear disengaging/reengaging.
And the ICE engine itself has an easier time (often Atkinson cycle) because the electric motors can provide much of the responsiveness to immediate power demands, allowing the ICE to operate in a much less stressful power band.
It reads like you’re describing a series hybrid where the ICE feeds into an electric generator which feeds into a battery or electric motors.
That is not how most hybrids work. That’s how almost none of them works in fact, although it is how diesel electric works on large vehicles (an electric transmission essentially).
No, he's right. If you're interested, read about the Prius e-CVT transmission. It's pretty amazing.
Essentially, it connects the ICE and two different electric motors to the same drive shaft. By spinning the electric motor forwards, backwards or using it as a generator, it can regulate torque going to the wheels for a wide band of RPM. At the same time, torque and RPM coming out of the ICE are kept in a much smaller band.
But yes, the ICE is still directly connected to the wheels.
In a planetary gear setup, there's three different rotating planes you can hook onto. Traditionally one is free, two are rotating. But if instead, one is the output, another one the ICE engine (with electric boost) and the third one is another electric engine, the electric plane can change the influence of the output plane on the ICE plane, effectively intermediating the RPM and torque it sees.
Maybe not your experiences, but, to me, their transmissions:
* hastened the inevitable transition away from manual gearboxes in cars
* gave a bit of a “last hurrah” to ICE powertrains in general
Quick-shifting, gobs of gears, lockup torque converters, and reliable to boot. I don’t hear the word “slushbox” being thrown around like it was previously to describe automatic transmissions. And I credit it mostly to ZF.
As an owner of an M4 with the ZF 8 speed, I can attest that it’s not a slushbox. It’s completely changed my mind about how a manually-shifted auto transmission with a torque converter can behave, and I don’t see any reason to ever go back to a true manual. My only real complaint is that 8 is too many gears so they are naturally narrower and the car ends up being designed around keeping your engine speed in a fairly small band, and low end torque suffers.
I don’t know about that. I have an older sport quad ATV. Loud AF with custom exhaust the last owner installed. I have full control of the fuel delivery with the carb mixture/jetting/etc, and there is no nothing other than preventing backfiring/popping that has any effect on the noise. I even tried repacking the “muffler” with new stuffing—- didn’t help.
Most newer bikes barring maybe Harleys come stock with exhausts that aren't monstrously loud because of regulations (though some have ways around that).
Problem is most peoples first course of action is to modify it to sound louder/"better". You'll often see this as the first complaint people have about bikes in motorcycle review videos.
My current bike is a newer CBR650R, mand it sounds relatively tame. But some people complain about that.
An older vehicle I may not fault as much, but you also have people revving to redline for no probable reason.
To be fair to those people, they also don’t think you need your plywood and mulch because you should live in a nice little apartment with a surely altruistic landlord who takes care of every need that the plywood and mulch could satisfy.
Someone who does home improvements probably own a house. Shouldn't they be able to, you know, buy an apartment, if "the mising middle" apartments were available in the US and not banned by a million laws (freedom! :-) ).
The trucks have all just gone through auction and have inspection reports. Mine I bought for $2k was grade 3.5 and what I’d consider pristine for a 25 year old truck. The Japanese are pretty trustworthy people to do business with, and they build great vehicles.
One thing the author left out was the fascination I had with the whole process. Watching auctions, assignment to a ship, tracking it through the ocean and storms and watching on video as it passed through the Panama Canal. Then the customs and importation paperwork with CBP, going to the port, the driving 200 miles home in my new “truck” that had road manners more akin to my golf cart than anything actually on the road around me. I-95 was terrifying— I barely got off the on-ramp before looking for the next off-ramp to find backroads for the rest of the journey.
These are still made and sold brand new starting at around $6000. The interest in 90's ones is due to the 25-year rule on hassle-free importing into the US.
I’ve seen a couple of these blooms—- first at the NCSU Plant Biology greenhouse and then at Tony Avent’s Plant Delights nursery.
Both were spectacular. Neither smelled at all.
I think the smell may only last for a short period, likely before the bloom peaks. We didn’t want to jump the gun on the bloom, so we visited a day after we heard it bloomed.
Yep, the smell dissipates pretty quickly, likely dispersed by the flower heating itself up about 10°C above ambient.
I visited the bloom my partner works with on the day after it opened, and while he attested that it was pretty stinky on opening, it wasn't really much to smell when I was there.
I wasn't able to smell it at all from a few feet away, but the one I saw recently wasn't roped off so I was pretty much able to stick my head right in the bloom.
That’s certainly already the case. Ivermectin has lost effectiveness against particularly insidious parasites such as Haemonchus Contortus (barber pole worm). We’ve resorted to other treatments such as Moxidectin, Levamisole, etc, all of which are more expensive and harder to dose safely and effectively.
I can totally understand how Ivermectin got its following— it’s an amazing general purpose medicine around the farm. I generally use it responsibly by verifying the presence of parasites before administering (which can be literally any animal on the farm with almost any parasite) … but then there are times such as when my daughter had a single pet chicken (among many healthy ones) that wasn’t looking so hot … Whereas previously I’d just dispatch the animal and be done with it, now I give a dose of Ivermectin and isolate for a few days before calling in the grim reaper. So far the success rate is something like 90% where now my 9 year old daughter administers it herself. While I acknowledge this isn’t the most responsible, I can imagine others have had similar experiences which explain some of the popularity of Ivermectin with rural folk.
The drug may end up in the manure, and the parasites may encounter it there at a marginally-lethal dose. When the parasite progresses further in its life cycle, its offspring may be resistant when they infect the next livestock animal.
Most parasites have a life-cycle that includes time spent outside the preferred host animal, including in zoonotic species that may not have symptomatic infections. They may acquire resistance in any stage, in any place they encountered the drug.
It obviously cannot. But the issue isn't giving it to animals without any parasites, it is in giving it to animals with parasites but that do not need the anti-parasitic in order to recover. Once you have determined that the animal is sick enough to need treatment and that the sickness is most likely caused by the parasites, then you can make the decision that the risk of furthering resistance is outweighed by the need to treat the animal. If you have determined that there is no chance the animal has parasites, then there's no risk of furthering resistance but also no need to give the treatment.
I think this largely right, but resistance generally does not just evolve in the animals "that do not need it to recover", as all parasites/bacteria are more likely die in that case, but in more extensive cases where some of the parasites/bacteria survive and there are more reproductive events that can introduce a resistant genetic variation. This is why some consider that people not completing the full course of antibiotics- only taking them until they feel better, may be a greater contributor.
In nature, both the antiparasitic and the parasite will have a tendency to end up in places that you don't necessarily want them to be for the purposes of motivated hypothetical reasoning.
aka the chicken will urinate out some amount of ivermectin, unprocessed by the chicken, and then some amount will make it elsewhere that will allow for natural selection to take place (eggs or wherever). Once is infinitesimal, but give every animal some ivermectin for funsies, and you've now bred ivermectin resistance.
There's an issue with collies and collie-derived dog breeds; used to be warnings (even mentioned in an episode of "House"). But. Most of the lines running around today are the ones that weren't sensitive and didn't die from ivermectin. So it's no longer such an issue.
Nothing new folks. 23 years ago I bought a RIVA TNT video card (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIVA_TNT) where early models (and, conveniently, the ones sent to reviewers) were clocked at 110Mhz. They silently clocked them down to 90Mhz after a month or so before I got mine.
“The TNT shipped later than originally planned, ran quite hot, and was clocked lower than Nvidia had planned at 90 MHz instead of 110 MHz. Originally planned specifications should have placed the card ahead of Voodoo2 in theoretical performance for Direct3D applications, but at 90 MHz it did not quite match the Voodoo2”
I am guessing behind the scenes they probably had a target of 110Mhz. They probably hoped to hit that by launch, and sent out review units a bit early. However, whatever fix they were trying probably didn't pan out or they found another failure case in edge case testing (e.g. running it long term in places with high ambient temps), and had to throttle them down for everyone.
So, the critical mistake was probably sending out units too early.
Can totally understand how infuriating it must be because you buy based on the benchmarks, and don't get what you think you're buying.
The transmission of a traditional ICE vehicle is a component commonly prone to failure due to reliance on clutches, friction couplings, gear engagements, etc.
Hybrids replace this transmission with one composed of two electric motors and planetary gear sets. One or both of the motors also act as generators. It’s complex, but the highly variable speed of the output shaft is managed almost purely by torque splitting of the planetary gear sets along with routing of electrical energy within the system— no clutches or gear disengaging/reengaging.
And the ICE engine itself has an easier time (often Atkinson cycle) because the electric motors can provide much of the responsiveness to immediate power demands, allowing the ICE to operate in a much less stressful power band.