There are actually three. Vat pasteurization is the oldest, it involves holding milk at 145 deg. F for half an hour. High temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurization involves bringing milk to 161 deg. F for 16 seconds. And Ultra-pasteurization, or the ultra high temperature (UHT) process, involves bringing the milk to 280 deg. F for 2 seconds.
Time is money, so vat pasteurized milk is more expensive than HTST milk which is more expensive than UHT milk. The downside of higher temperatures is that more of the flavor compounds tend to be destroyed in the process. This has a secondary effect of driving the milk producer towards lower milk quality, since it all tastes the same after the UHT process.
I'm not sure, I always assumed UHT was a bit cheaper but never paid attention (or if I ever did look at the difference I've forgotten).
I just had a quick look at a UK supermarket's online site and both seemed similarly priced with some comparable options being cheaper on one side or the other. Without bothering to spend more time actually doing the maths, and looking at more than one store, it could be that there is a significant difference on average.
In France/Belgium I equally never bothered to check the price difference (I'd still be choosing pasteurised where available if it cost 5x as much), but anecdotally I saw it more in higher-end (most expensive) supermarket chains.
Not in my observation. Where I work there is a low paid call center on another floor of this giant building, and they all have iphones. Its like shoes.
At my socioeconomic level when I want to blow some cash or show off some money I go on a thousands of dollar vacation travel or maybe buy a new car, for me its enough to show I have some dough, but its cheap enough to fit my cash flow.
Likewise a step or two or three downward, their way of flashing cash is the $400 sneakers or $400 video game system or in this specific case, the $400 iphone. They may have saved from months of paychecks to afford it, but I'm not really all that different other than I went to Ireland instead. Or I bought a car mostly in cash. Its the same behavior at a different scale.
Android is definitely in the middle, from what I observe. No one over $400K or under $40K has an android phone, at least not that I've seen.
enacting the regulations has no direct cost to the public. Public housing is a line item on the government budget. Some towns purposely dont want to vary from the public standard b/c if something where to happen they would not have to justify them altering the standard.
Under the modern American consensus, regulations on residential/commercial development are acceptable but public spending on housing is "socialism".
Public housing is all downsides but the costs of urban sprawl are distributed among the community and commercial development costs primarily affects developers (and it's a lot cheaper to build parking lots than subway service at a reasonable density per unit area).
How could that possibly be the case? Suppose the regulation states every new unit needs 10 parking spots--now that single unit must carry the cost of those additional parking spots.
I think sfall means "cost to the public purse". It's like any minimum requirement that the government sets - it imposes costs, but doesn't require the raising of taxes, so it's easier to do politically.
all those other businesses add value to the supply chain. While ticket resellers can add value but when they purchase a large portion of the ticket supply they are adding little value.
