The most dangerous fault line in Seattle, both in terms of earthquake and tsunami risk, is the eponymous system of shallow thrust faults[0] that run through the middle of the city and historically have produced ~7.0 earthquakes.
Seattle buildings built in the last 3 decades are explicitly designed to survive extreme earthquakes. Most of the risk is in the 1970s and earlier infrastructure, quite a lot of which has been torn down to make room for the massive growth of Seattle.
There’s also a healthy local trade in earthquake retrofitting. After the nisqually quake the city got pretty serious, a lot of old buildings downtown were severely damaged
The modern building codes are derived from a 9.0 subduction zone model. I've heard people say that building standards derived from this model should work for just about any type of earthquake up to around 8.0-8.5 even if not specifically modeled; I have no idea how true that is but it seems plausible. Building codes are not defined just by the strength of the earthquake but also the earthquake type, depth, soil etc. It isn't the strength that is the problem so much as the kinds of loads different earthquakes put on structures.
Seattle has a couple ~7.0 earthquakes every century, so the city has experience with strong earthquakes and everything old that is still standing has at least some ability to resist earthquakes (survivor bias). The last big earthquake was in 2001 (magnitude 6.8).
Seattle buildings built in the last 3 decades are explicitly designed to survive extreme earthquakes. Most of the risk is in the 1970s and earlier infrastructure, quite a lot of which has been torn down to make room for the massive growth of Seattle.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Fault