I'd be very interested in hearing about a more recent synthesis on the topic, if you know of one! A lot of the other suggestions in this thread seem to be more about science popularization than directly about philosophy of science.
In another comment, I pointed out the Open Syllabus Project, which collects and surveys college class syllabuses. There you can find what professors in the field think are the best and most important books, which may be the best recommendations you'll find.
