If you're playing around subnormal numbers [0], most modern processors automatically switch to a microcode based calculation mode to preserve these numbers. However, these algorithms are very expensive, so it's not desired unless explicitly needed and generally used as an escape hatch for edge cases.
i'd be curious what matlab would do with finding the eigs for op's matrix. i'd bet a coffee that it (one of the eigs functions) prints a warning. entirely possible it may even switch search methods if precision loss is detected.
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnormal_number