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A Windows 95-like shell for Windows 3.1x (calmira.net)
157 points by notpushkin on July 13, 2022 | hide | past | favorite | 92 comments


I wrote a similar shell that ran on DOS in 1994. It was called Baston. It won the 1st place award in a programming contest organized by Microsoft and PC World Magazine in Turkey. I was 18 back then. Here are a couple screenshots:

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/241217/159136746-e...

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/241217/159136763-e...


I was looking through the Windows 95-like desktop screenshots and it reminded me of everything I hated about Windows and why I exclusively used Linux during that time.

I still mostly do, but the laptop I'm using right now has Windows 10 on it (for now), and I don't even mind.

Anyway, I wish I knew about your project back then. The Motif look is so much nicer. It doesn't have those garish strong colours all over the place. And the widgets are more familiar.

Modern desktops are still better than either option (you even basically say as much on Github) but your project was certainly solid, and an alternative that is so much easier on the eyes.


Thanks! Interestingly, Motif was based on Windows 3.x look, more precisely "Presentation Manager" look designed for OS/2 and Windows. You can see the similarities in how resize corners and close buttons etc are laid out on windows.

Windows 95 was a phenomenal success IMHO in terms of UI design, and it was partly based on Cairo which got a lot of inspiration from NextSTEP, but Win95 became so widespread that it became somewhat bland, so I agree in that sense. I strongly recommend the story about how Windows 95 team achieved excellence in the UI design, especially the "Start" button and Taskbar, the things that we take for granted today: https://socket3.wordpress.com/2018/02/03/designing-windows-9...


I don't know about "excellence" - I have spoken to a human factors expert who opined that the UI flow of shutting down the computer by clicking a button labeled "Start" is a tad ropey...


I always thought <ctrl><alt><del> to log in was a tad "ropey" as well. Windows somehow decided that starting and stopping were synonymous.


Arguably, you can start a shutdown, so no semantic confusion there :)


>Modern desktops are still better than either option

If I hadn't found CWM I'd probably still be on FVWM2 (with the mwm theme.) IDK if that counts as a "modern desktop" but I'm certainly a fan.


Nice. A Motif-style DOS shell. Looks good.


Thanks! I didn't know it was called Motif, I'd only seen screenshots of workstations in UnixWorld magazine, and I'd loved the Motif style the most. There were also OpenLook and NextSTEP screenshots in the issues I had :)


Very nice. Reminds me a lot of PC GEOS:

Version 1.2:

http://toastytech.com/guis/geos12.html

Version 2.0:

https://guidebookgallery.org/screenshots/gwe2


Thanks! You're right, looks very similar indeed. I guess they based their looks on Motif too.


I think you're right.

There was a time when the OS/2 1.x and Windows 2 style of boxed borders and title-bar widgets was the "in thing", and the next step from their pseudo-3D widgets was to make everything pseudo-3D...?


The design really looks solid - do you remember where you drew inspirations from?

Cok guzel, helal olsun :)


Yes, a couple issues of UnixWorld magazine my brother had given me. I saw the workstation screenshots and was so enamored with them that I was obsessed with writing a GUI library. That was how FatalVision was born very briefly. I was specifically impressed with how cool OSF/Motif windows looked hence the look I picked here. https://github.com/ssg/fatalvision

ve tesekkurler :)


Nice to see `ssg` here. :)

- Another Turkish expat living in the same city as you do


:wave: :)


Back in the day, when I was but a young teen, sad that I couldn't afford Win95 when it first came out (or run it THAT well on a 486DX2/66mhz & 4MB RAM).

Stuck with Win3.11 I looked for other things I could run, that didn't involve me nuking the PC and installing Slackware or otherwise distrupt the "Family PC's" main use; running Lotus 123 for my mother's home accounting business.

So what I found was something that could mimic a "modern" OS, but that still offered 100% of the compatibility, that even an accounting parent could stomach.

IBM Workplace Shell for Windows 3.1x:

https://winworldpc.com/product/ibm-workplace-shell/151

I found it on either the early web, or on a shareware BBS, but the purpose was the same; to convince someone to please, for the love of god, buy IBM OS/2 (not even OS/2 Warp!)

I sure as hell didn't care or want OS/2, but boy did it make my slowly falling behind Win3.11 PC look like the cool kids with their brand new spaceheater Pentiums.

I occasionally reflect back on that time and sorta miss those days, and that computer.. but then I remember it was a Packard Bell sunday flier special "package deal" purchased at Circuit City by a clueless parent in the early 90s, and I was lucky it lasted 4 years before the motherboard blew up and was sent to the recycler. Of course the 2 PSUs, and 3 HDDs dying in that time should have been a hint.


At the time we used Norton Desktop in the office:

http://toastytech.com/guis/ndw.html

But there was a leeser known shell that tried to mimic the Mac OS of the time (System 7/8), MCShell:

http://reboot.pro/index.php?showtopic=752

that was very good.


I think the 486/66 would probably have been ok for Windows 95, but the 4MB of ram would have been rough.


I ran Windows NT 4.0 on a DX2/66 -- with 32GB of RAM.

The RAM cost about $750 from a Silicon Valley importer. 1994. That was during a crisis in worldwide memory availability, caused at least in part by a fire that destroyed the only factory that made a chemical required by the semiconductor industry.

Our current supply chain crisis seems worse, but it isn't the first.


> 32GB of RAM

It’s funny how our fingers have lost the ability to type “MB of RAM.”


:-)

Megabytes. Yes. Oops.

I just bought some old Xeon CPUs on eBay that have 32 MB of cache. They cost rather less than $750.


so we didn't learn anything. Sad to know.


I can tell you from first hand experience it was. 4mb was the minimum requirements and I can tell you, that legally MS was correct in that statement. When I eventually did get a copy of Win95 plus Update (SP1 basicly), I ran it for exactly 1 week before I scraped together enough money to purchase another 8mb of RAM from Fry's. After that it was fine, at least until it blew itself up.


For Win95, it was tolerable. Win98 with IE integration everywhere (remember "Active Desktop"?) was much more of a memory hog tho.


I remember this one. Must have been IBMs last ditch attempt to make people move over to OS/2.


How on god's green earth is a 30 year old operating system more customizable and user-friendly than any of the modern interfaces (that includes both windows 10 and gnome)


God don't get me started, I've really come to hate how Windows 10 looks. I come from a time where 8 extra bits of color depth cost you an arm and a leg (1,5 arms and 2 legs adjusted for inflation) and you were willing to fight a war for 5 extra pixels of screen real estate. Anti-aliasing was just a dream.

Now we have full HD screens with 32 bit colors and HDR, powerful GPUs to draw edges as smooth AF and what did we decide to do with all of that? Use 4 colors, fill it up with whitespace and cram everything into squares.

I think the Windows 10 UI was created by a group of depressed people and it really shows.


The Windows 11 UI is telling the same people ”now imagine everyone has a tablet”.

You’ll likely get some pushback along the lines of ”We already tried that with Windows 8 and everyone hated it”, but keep pushing - quote something about Henry Ford and horses if neccessary


Microsoft keeps trying really hard to make touchscreens happen. Except they aren't going to happen. It's a desktop OS for mice and keyboards first and foremost, it's about time they acknowledge that by designing everything with these input devices in mind.


I think Windows 11 is trying to unify the settings etc to something similar to mobile OSs, but at the same time is ditching the lingering remnants of touch interfaces from Windows 8.

IIRC, they now have guidelines to not assume spacing, icon sizes, etc optimized for touch unless touch is the only interface available.


I think they should just roll the UI back to what it was in Windows 7 and then stop working on it (the UI, not Windows itself), forever. Yes, I'm serious.


Yet the settings are far from unified, every now and then you just have to pop up some Windows 95-era dialog box and so on.


Worse, some advanced settings are just unreachable now with the new interface. It's a disaster.


Can you still create that magic shortcut pointing to some UUID that would open the old control panel?


I'm darn sure I've read a statement somewhere that all modern UI uses rounded corners on every widget because the pointy ones were giving users threatening vibes and made them feel unwelcome.


Meanwhile I upgraded (downgraded?) from Neon to windows 11 on one of my laptops. On more than one occasion I assumed I was using KDE plasma. Firefox renders basically the same between the two, all of my apps run on windows and Linux (steam, VLC, etc).. it’s the nuance in notifications that threw me into uncanny valley. Also made me realize the two things that I need from a desktop are a solid notification system (kde is ok, I like how it’s done in windows 11 and on macOS) and a smooth mouse experience. Everything in the UI is just a skin and can be emulated or replaced


> Use 4 colors, fill it up with whitespace and cram everything into squares.

For me the worst of those is the prevalence of whitespace, and the loss of the grey background.

Grey was the greatest color for UI background, it wasn't overly bright, it won't burn your eyes like modern UIs that shine like a thousand suns, no need for separate "dark theme" because a grey theme is comfortable in all light conditions, it allowed the content color to go in two different directions (if your background is white then your content can only get darker, but if your background is grey your content can be darker or brighter than the background), and it has a clear visual separation between the grey app UI (menus, toolbars, ...) and the white content (E.G. document being edited).


"Designers" happened. Also the trend of forcing users to fit the tool rather than the other way around.


Holly sh..

Exactly this happens every time in my company. Designers and PMs wants to « educate » the user and force a strict workflow for them. They never take into account that power users exists.

Sure, most of our users are happy this way because our product replaces shitty and complex excel sheets. But I always wonder about the 1% who took the time to learn and master excel and were fast with their tool. For those people, our product must be a PITA, because their is no other (faster) way to work than the path PMs and designers decided.


You can still do the same thing on modern windows. Alternative shells were a thing for quite a while. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alternative_shells_for... for a list. Unfortunately people don't seem to be that interested anymore and the options that remain are Cairo https://cairoshell.com/ and blackbox.

But in theory: It's as customisable as you want. You "just" need to write it. The linked 3.11 project is not just a customisation - it's a whole shell just like Cairo.


Isn’t blackbox dead ? The latest release on the website is from 2009 and is proudly announcing Vista compatibility.


Don't know. I'm going by Wikipedia here. Xoblite works with win10 and I'm sure there's more forks out there.


Gnome is disgustingly restrictive, and the general reddit trend of "ricing" unix windows managers is no better. It feels like we lost the plot on user-friendly expandable GUIs around the Vista era.


No concern for security helps a lot...


Isn't this the same as replacing Gnome with a different shell?


I used it back in 1995 when my PC couldn’t run Win95, and I had Win95-envy. It was really mind-blowing at the time to be able to change the UI of Windows like that.

A little bit later I downloaded 20 or so Slackware floppies and the rest is history…


Me too :)

I remember that apparently for desktop applications icons to work it had to launch a process just to be each icon so was quite memory intensive. I seem to recall it also requiring “win32s”

My machine would throw a text mode confirmation prompt over the win95 graphical installer when it tried to write the boot sector as boot sector virus protection and this would freeze the system so windows 95 installation never worked.


Me too! Calmira, the Q-Basic manual, a trackball, Commander Keen, and tons of a few really worn out floppy disks of shareware.


ohhh win32s... that's another memory from ages past lol


> I had Win95-envy

Ha, I know the pain, I remember being 10 and (literally) dreaming about 16mb or RAM so I could install it!


I think minimum was 4mb, and it ran ok with 8mb, although expect swapping if you multitask. It certainly ran nicer with 16mb, but you didn't need it.


I installed it on a 486 (DX2!!) with 4MB of RAM. It... worked, kinda. I reverted back to 3.1 a couple days later. The machine was just too slow.

It would be another two years before I could afford something that could run 95. I think I went straight to 98 IIRC.


"But when I load it up / It says my memory is not enough" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc4JbzPqups


My computers went from DOS 5 to Windows 98 - never had one with 3.x or 95 (though a friend did).

The jumps were big back then!


Did you run Slackware from DOS or did you install it properly with a bootloader?


Properly ran it with LILO as the boot loader. Shortly later the "boot from DOS" things started cropping up but I still preferred running them properly.


I remember having to boot my first distro from DOS because my sound card (a weird thing that was a combination of modem and sound card) didn't have Linux drivers. I would first load the DOS drivers, then boot Linux from DOS and it would then recognize it as a Sound Blaster.


I hand totally forgotten about that. Wasn’t it called dosfs? It put metadata in files that would show up in DOS when you rebooted.


loadlin was the tool that would boot the kernel (including initrd) from a running DOS system. You might be thinking of umsdos? IIRC, that's the tool that would allow you to actually run Linux from a FAT partition (likely FAT16).


Same but I got Slackware off a Computer Shopper cover CD ;-)


Tangentially, this makes me wonder if it's worth building a lightweight desktop shell (i.e. app launcher, file explorer, dock, etc.) for the 'Validation OS' version of Windows 11:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufactur...

That way, you'd get all the nice security and hardware support of Windows 11, but without all the crap that Microsoft bundle on.


This looks to be quite the achievement, with numerous custom UI controls written just for the project. The author describes them here http://www.calmira.net/source/index.htm and offers them for anyone else to use. They include labels, paths, loading bars, even a Win95 style Pie chart.

There are also UI hooks and messaging components.

All this written in Delphi and designed to run atop the humble Windows 3.1 kernel! Source code is available should anyone wish to hack away.


Aside from the coolness of the actual thing, I love the early 00’s web site design. For a while, all sites looked like this.


Oh man I remember Calmira from back in the day! Thanks for the blast from the past.

IIRC it was written in Delphi which I was using majorly around the same time so had fun poking around its internals and customising it even further.

I believe it started out as something called Calypso...those memories are vague though.


Back in the late 90s, when I couldn't afford a newer computer and Linux wasn't an option for me, Calmira gave me an excuse to keep my PC running Windows 3.1 going. To be honest, I liked the combination of Calmira and Windows 3.1 better than Windows 95 and Windows 98.

Great computing memories ...


WPS4WIN is the OS/2 WorkPlace Shell for Windows 3.1x. Much nicer than the Win95 shell, in my opinion. It looks like this: http://toastytech.com/guis/wps.html


As someone that ran it for over a year, before getting a Win95 box, I don't disagree. But at the end of the day, it was still Win3.1x under the hood. Win95 was bloated at the time, sure, but after the first service pack I thought it was a huge improvement.


I bought the Windows 95 update disk on the day of release. Only then to find that it made my Pentium 60 and 8 MB of RAM unbearably slow.

In hindsight, Windows 95 was the OS to skip, Windows 98 was the one to go for.


It was Calmira that made me aware of the existence of Delphi. I tried getting my hands on Delphi, but what I only had back then was VB3. Not everything was on the (dial-up) web back then, and I even scanned collections in physical shops where it was hard to find any software not for Win 9x.

Eventually I was able to program something in VB that would dock an "X close" button on the corner of active windows (since for me, that was the one glaring detail missing from the Win 9x experience, and the only other option was pay-ware). It was really messy hackish amateur teenager code, but it worked.

Fun old times.


The funniest thing is that they tried to "provide welcome relief from the awkwardness of File Manager"... which Microsoft open-sourced a few years ago for those who still want it with win10/11[1], to much acclaim from its many fans[2]

[1] https://github.com/Microsoft/winfile

[2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16790099


I remember running Netscape Navigator on W4WG 3.11. For some reason the 16 bit version was many times slower than the 32 bit one for Win NT.


There is a lot of workaround when you are working with segments of 64kb addressable memory space.


In retrospect, I think that much of the flatter Windows 3.x design is timeless whereas the pseudo 3D bevels of Windows 95 look dated by today’s standards.

The only practically useful UX novelties in Windows 95 were the start menu and combining the previously separate file and program manager paradigms.


Win3.x had more prominent 3D bevels in places where it did have them - which was all the buttons.

I suspect that the main reason why it was generally flatter is because it supported monochrome displays. Win95, on the other hand, required VGA 640x480x16 (colors, not bits) as minimum. And of those 16 EGA colors, there were 4 different shades of grey! - a luxury they made full use of in the new 3D widgets.


Small nitpick but those are CGA colors.


I've seen some re-interpretations of phaux-3d rectilinear skeuomorphism that used a lot of light scattering effects and looked extremely modern. I thought around this year those would be common but everyone seems to be still hung up on flat design which is a bit disappointing (and then there's adwaita which is off in left field picking daisies as usual.)


This thing was so sick at the time. It really made 3.11 feel better to use. For me at least, Win95 needed a newer computer. It was minute before I could upgrade and this thing at least made me feel a lot better about not having the new hotness.


I used this when I was running a donated 486 with only 8MB of RAM in about 1998? I was poor.

Fond memories.


Aaahhh... Motif!

This reminds me of the time when I replaced Solaris & Motif on my SUN workstation by Linux and KDE. KDE looked much nicer than Motif, to my young eyes.

The workstation felt faster after the switch, but maybe I was biased. :)


If this could run on Windows 11, I'd install it in a heartbeat.


When it comes to the task bar, the closest to it might be RetroBar: https://github.com/dremin/RetroBar


You can re-skin both the start button and taskbar with Classic Shell / Open-Shell too. My Windows 10 is skinned to look like the old Windows Embedded theme.


Another alternative (to get a usable taskbar back without grouping of icons etc.) is https://github.com/valinet/ExplorerPatcher.


My bad for misunderstanding as "running directly" instead of porting. Anyway, I don't have Win 11 yet, but winedvm that runs 16bit apps on 64bit Windows might get you there. Although from what I remember running Calmira on 32bit Windows is a trippy experience.


There are win95-esque themes for win10 at the very least. There's probably some for win11 too (or maybe there's enough in common the skins could work for both?)


I want to run it in Wine and use it as a daily driver. Apparently Wine does have support for Win16, but I doubt it works on modern systems for various reasons.


Now if we only had a CP/M shell inside a Windows 95 shell running on Windows 3.1. Like an OS without PID to keep it from oscillating wildly.


I used calmira back in the nineties :D


I love that it went so long as to have an XP and even longhorn/vista variant.



Ironically, both were shells for DOS.




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