The actual details of how the underlying datastructures work isn't that hard to grasp (see: https://youtu.be/wASCH_gPnDw?t=1817), but in practice you don't even need to go that far.
At a high level there's really just a few things you need to keep in mind, the biggest being the big O guarantees of the core DS interfaces, which are listed here https://clojure.org/reference/data_structures. Those guarantees hold across the different underlying implementations, and there are plenty of things you can tune to get a 2x, 10x, 50x improvement in performance before resorting to things that depend on which specific DS is being used under the hood
At a high level there's really just a few things you need to keep in mind, the biggest being the big O guarantees of the core DS interfaces, which are listed here https://clojure.org/reference/data_structures. Those guarantees hold across the different underlying implementations, and there are plenty of things you can tune to get a 2x, 10x, 50x improvement in performance before resorting to things that depend on which specific DS is being used under the hood
Edit: Fixed timestamp for video link