Summary etymology can provide interesting reference points when looking a the history of ideas, but isn't sufficient because adjacent concepts change their meaning over time as well. It's good for showing when a word was attested and where to start looking for an understanding of how it was used and considered.
Where you say "roughly the same meaning as now" you seem to mean that "the highest faculty of the mind, capacity for comprehending general truths;" is how we think of intelligence now, but the meanings of "mind", "truth" "comprehending" and "faculties of mind" have all had their own radical shifts over the last 600 years. That quoted phrase conveys an entirely different perspective and set of assumptions/implications in the context of its time, and is not at all analogous to how we read it today.
Raymond Williams' "Keywords" collects a very interesting and accessible collection of examples of this phenomenon, although it focuses more on the language of politics and society more than the language of psychology.
The modern use of intelligence, and the conceptual constellation it represents, is essentially isolated from what's described in that article, but it's re-introduction in modern psychology does borrow from its prior existence in the lexicon.
Where you say "roughly the same meaning as now" you seem to mean that "the highest faculty of the mind, capacity for comprehending general truths;" is how we think of intelligence now, but the meanings of "mind", "truth" "comprehending" and "faculties of mind" have all had their own radical shifts over the last 600 years. That quoted phrase conveys an entirely different perspective and set of assumptions/implications in the context of its time, and is not at all analogous to how we read it today.
Raymond Williams' "Keywords" collects a very interesting and accessible collection of examples of this phenomenon, although it focuses more on the language of politics and society more than the language of psychology.
The modern use of intelligence, and the conceptual constellation it represents, is essentially isolated from what's described in that article, but it's re-introduction in modern psychology does borrow from its prior existence in the lexicon.