There is an app called Kiwi Browser that does support extensions on Android. The issue becomes no sync, which I think is also a feature you are looking for.
It makes sense that Chrome has never built it, have to keep the users from using Adblock.
I'm aware of Kiwi, but it lags for months to a year behind chromium updates, which is very dangerous.
Chrome for sure, I was surprised that also any other browser (Via, Soul, Brave, vivaldi) don't support extensions.
I'm on Brave now because while it does not support ublock origin, the adblocker is stronger than the others I tried and works similarly. It also has some sort of builtin sponsorblock, so I use it on the phone over Firefox which is slow.
It makes sense that Chrome has never built it, have to keep the users from using Adblock.