I think more people are familiar with Pac-Man for the 2600 (because it was terrible, not the fault of the programmer but Atari management trying to rush it out the door) and ET for the 2600 (landfill story, on Atari management that tried to rush it, again) than Adventure.
Among 2600 games that weren't terrible though, I'd say its probably up there.
I debated ET. I think it’s better known than Pac-Man due to the New Mexico landfill story.
But I suspect they’re not familiar with the game at all, just the story. If they know about Pac-Man it’s likely the same.
I decided to go with Pitfall because I think it’s well known but people have likely seen at least a screen or two being played, jumping on gators or over logs.
Among 2600 games that weren't terrible though, I'd say its probably up there.